Authors: Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Sharon Kidd, Ave M. Lachiewicz, Tse Hwei Choo, Nicole Tartaglia, Devadrita Talapatra, Christina Aguirre-Kolb, Howard Andrews, and Karen Riley

Summary

Toilet training issues can be burdensome and a significant problem for families with children affected by Fragile X syndrome (FXS). This groundbreaking study utilized FORWARD data on 633 individuals with FXS to fill the gap for much needed information on when children with FXS learn bladder and bowel toileting skills. By characterizing toileting milestones in children with FXS, this study helps to shed light on the factors causing delays in toilet training.

Language, behavioral irritability, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses presented as the main factors in predicting bowel and bladder training delays. ASD diagnosis and gender had a strong impact on age of toilet training. Males and individuals with a co-diagnosis of ASD showed a significant delay in learning toilet training skills. By five years of age, almost 100% of females achieve bladder toilet training versus 70% of females with a co-diagnosis of ASD. In comparison, about 50% of males with FXS alone achieved bladder training by age five and 35% of males with a co-diagnosis of ASD achieved bowel toilet training at the same age.

Why This Is Important

This important study will allow practitioners to inform families about the typical toilet training process and what to expect with toilet training efforts in a thoughtful, informed, and encouraging manner. These findings will help providers develop and evaluate specifically targeted toilet training approaches based on gender, ASD diagnosis, and other clinical features identified in this study.

What Are the Next Steps

The data presented in this report will serve as an important reference for evaluating the effectiveness of new toileting interventions in future research.

Berry-Kravis, E., Kidd, S. A., Lachiewicz, A. M., Choo, T. H., Tartaglia, N., Talapatra, D., Aguirre-Kolb, C., Andrews, H., & Riley, K. (2019). Toilet Training in Fragile X Syndrome. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 40(9), 751–761. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000735

FOR MORE DETAILS VISIT:

Toileting Issues in Fragile X Syndrome

Dr. Jennifer Epstein presented on this topic using the FORWARD data in her presentation, “Toilet Training Across the Lifespan in FXS,” during the Fragile X Across the Lifespan event in the 17th NFXF International Fragile X Conference Virtual Series, summer 2020.

more research results

FMR1 Carriers Report Executive Function Changes Prior to Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study

Authors:  David Hessl, PhD, Karina Mandujano Rojas, BS, Emilio Ferrer, PhD, Glenda Espinal, BS, Jessica Famula, MS, Andrea Schneider, PhD, Randi Hagerman, MD, Flora Tassone, PhD, and Susan M. Rivera, PhD Summary: People with Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) are not only affected by movement problems, but also by changes in cognition, especially what is referred to as “executive dysfunction” (problems with memory, disinhibition, attention, planning). Moreover, male individuals living with the premutation have [...]

Healthcare Experiences of African American Women with a Fragile X Premutation

Authors: Andy King, Nadia Ali, Cecelia Bellcross, Fabienne Ehivet, Heather Hipp, Jessica Vaughn, Emily G. Allen An estimated 1 in 291 women carry a Fragile X premutation (PM) and there is little evidence that this number differs by racial and ethnic background. Yet African American women who have a PM continue to be underrepresented in Fragile X research. African Americans experience disparities in access, quality, and outcomes of their healthcare, including reproductive and women’s [...]

Emotion Dysregulation in Fragile X Syndrome

By Mya Jones Authors:  Rebecca C Shaffer, Debra L Reisinger, Lauren M Schmitt, Martine Lamy, Kelli C Dominick, Elizabeth G Smith, Marika C Coffman, Anna J Esbensen Summary: A large portion of individuals with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) experience the inability to change how strongly they feel an emotional experience or how they respond to the experience, referred to as emotion dysregulation. Cincinnati Children’s Fragile X Center team reviewed the surrounding and relevant research conducted [...]